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APF.TXT
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APPENDIX F. MODEM TESTING
Testing is available with the &T command
or Register S16. All loopback testing
conforms to CCITT Recommendation V.54.
Earlier USRobotics high speed modems,
however, did not perform the &T test
repertoire.
NOTE: Only one test can be performed at
a given time. If you send a test
command while the modem is in test mode,
you'll receive an ERROR message.
TESTING WITH &T
The tests supported through the &T
command include analog loopback, digital
loopback and remote digital loopback.
Users can key in their own data during
testing, or use the modem's internal
test pattern and error detector.
In all cases, disable error control
before testing. If the modem is
detecting errors and retransmitting the
affected data, your results will be
invalid.
During testing, the MR status light
flashes.
Ending a Testê&T0, S18
Issuing the &T0 command terminates a
test. Alternatively, set Register S18
to a specified number of seconds, for
example, S18=10. When the 10 seconds
are up, the modem automatically ends the
test and returns to Command mode. If
the test was Analog Loopback, the &T0
command hangs the modem up. If the test
was Digital or Remote Digital Loopback,
issue an ATH command to hang up the
modem, or an ATZ command to hang up the
modem and reset it to its defaults.
NOTE: If you use the S18 test timer,
but in the process of testing you issue
an ATZ command, S18 resets to zero and
the timer is disabled. You cannot store
a value for S18 in nonvolatile memory:
its power-on and reset default is always
zero.
ANALOG LOOPBACKê&T1, &T8
This test checks the operation of the
modem's transmitter and receiver. Data
flow is shown in Figure F-1.
Figure F-1. Data Flow During Analog Loopback
There are two analog loopback options.
The first, &T1, involves your typing
data that you can verify at your screen.
The second option, &T8, is an internal
self-test that does not involve the
keyboard or screen. It isolates the
modem from the computer interface to
give you a more specific result.
NOTE: HST or Dual Standard modems must
be tested at 2400 bps or lower to avoid
asymmetrical modulation at higher
speeds.
&T1
1. If you are testing an HST or Dual
Standard modem, set your terminal or
software to 2400 bps.
2. The modem must be in Command mode.
If you wish, set Register S18 as a
test timer, as explained earlier.
3. Send the modem the following command.
AT &M0 &T1 <Enter>
The modem disables error control,
enters analog loopback (AL) mode, and
sends a CONNECT message. The MR
status light flashes.
4. Type recognizable data so that you
can verify it when it is looped back
to the screen.
5. End the test. If you set S18, the
modem automatically stops the test at
the timeout, exits AL mode and
responds OK.
If you didn't set Register S18, wait
one second and type +++ to bring the
modem back to Command mode. If DIP
switch 9 is UP, the modem also hangs
up and ends the test.
If DIP switch 9 is DOWN, type AT&T0
to end the test. Or send either ATH
or the command that resets the modem,
ATZ. The latter two commands end the
test and hang up the modem. The
modem responds OK. If the modem
sends an ERROR message, you have
issued an invalid command.
6. If there were no errors, reset the
modem to &M4, for error control,
unless you've issued the ATZ reset
command.
NOTE: If the modem is in online-
command mode, that is, still
connected to a remote modem, and you
send it an &T1 or &T8 command, it
drops the call, enters AL mode, sends
a CONNECT result and waits for
loopback characters.
&T8
This AL option causes the modem to send
an internal test pattern to its
transmitter and loop it back to the
receiver. An internal error detector
counts any errors and, when the test is
ended, sends the number of errors or 000
(no errors) to the screen.
Since you don't type anything during
this test, and the modem does not send
anything to the screen, this option
verifies only the modem. If there are
no errors but your problem continues, it
may be at the computer interface.
1. If you are testing an HST or Dual
Standard modem, set your terminal or
software to 2400 bps.
2. The modem must be in Command mode.
If you wish, set Register S18 as a
test timer, as explained earlier.
3. Send the modem the following command:
AT &M0 &T8 <Enter>
The modem disables error control and
enters AL mode. The MR status light
flashes. The modem sends its
internal test pattern to the trans-
mitter, and loops the pattern back to
the receiver. You will not see any
data on your screen.
4. End the test. If you set S18, the
modem automatically stops the test at
the timeout. If you didn't set
Register S18, type AT&T0 to end the
test. Or use ATH or the command that
resets the modem, ATZ. Both of the
latter end the test and hang up the
modem.
The modem hangs up and returns a
three-digit code, followed by OK. A
code of 000 indicates no errors were
found. A code of 255 indicates 255
or more errors. An ERROR message
indicates that you issued an invalid
command.
5. If there were no errors, reset the
modem to &M4 for error control unless
you issued the ATZ command.
&T2
This option is reserved.
DIGITAL LOOPBACKê&T3
If your modem has passed the AL test,
this test can help you locate a problem
with a remote modem or the telephone
channel. Figure F-2 shows the data flow
during DL testing.
Figure F-2. Data Flow During Digital Loopback
NOTE: This test requires the modem to
establish a connection and return to
online-command mode in response to the
+++ escape code. DIP switch 9 must be
set DOWN so that the modem does not hang
up on receipt of the escape code. After
you change the switch, issue ATZ to the
modem to initiate the new setting.
As with AL testing, HST and Dual
Standard modems should be tested at 2400
bps or lower.
1. Set the modem to &M0, to disable
error control. HST and Dual
Standard modems should be set to 2400
bps or lower to avoid asymmetrical
modulation at higher speeds.
Establish a connection with the
remote modem.
2. Bring the modem back to Command mode
with the +++ escape code. Then send
it the AT&T3 command. The modem
enters DL mode and the MR status
light flashes.
3. The remote user should type a short
message. It will be looped back by
your modem's transmitter for
verification on the remote screen.
You will not see the message or any
other data.
4. When the remote user has completed
the test, issue the AT&T0 command to
end the test. Or send either ATH or
the command that resets the modem,
ATZ. The latter two commands end the
test and hang up the modem. The
modem responds OK. If the modem
sends an ERROR message, you have
issued an invalid command.
5. Reset DIP switch 9 UP if you normally
use the factory default. Reset the
modem to &M4 unless you used the
reset command, ATZ.
&T4, &T5
The &T4 option causes the modem to grant
a remote modem's request for a Remote
Digital Loopback test.
The &T5 option cancels &T4, and the
modem fails to recognize such a request.
This is the default so that your modem
isn't subject to another user calling
and tying up your modem without your
permission.
REMOTE DIGITAL LOOPBACKê&T6, &T7
This test, like the local digital
loopback test, verifies the condition of
both modems and the phone link. Data
flow is shown in Figure F-3.
Figure F-3. Data Flow During Remote Digital
Loopback
The request for and granting of Remote
Digital Loopback testing requires that
both modems use CCITT V.22 standard
signaling. The test must be performed
at 2400 bps or lower. If the remote
modem does not have the capability or is
not set to respond, you will get an
ERROR result code.
As with Analog Loopback, there are two
Remote Digital Loopback options. If you
select &T6, you send keyboard data to
the modem and verify it when it is
returned over the phone lines and to
your screen. If you select &T7, the
modem sends its internal test pattern
and returns an error count to your
screen.
NOTE: Both test options require the
modem to establish a connection and
return to online-command mode in
response to the +++ escape code. DIP
switch 9 must be set DOWN so that the
modem does not hang up on receipt of the
escape code. If necessary, set the
switch DOWN and then issue the ATZ
command to the modem to initiate the new
switch setting.
&T6
1. Set the software to 2400 bps or
lower. Set the modem to &M0. If you
wish, set the S18 timer.
Establish a connection with the
remote modem. If you haven't already
done so, arrange with the remote user
to cooperate with your testing and,
if necessary, set the remote modem to
acknowledge the RDL request. For
example, older USRobotics high speed
modems need to be set to S16=8.
2. Bring the Modem back to Command mode
with the +++ escape code. Send it
the AT&T6 command. The modem enters
RDL mode and the MR status light
flashes.
3. Type a short message. It will be
looped back to your modem by the
remote modem and to your screen for
verification. (The remote user will
not see your data.)
4. End the test. If you set Register
S18 the modem automatically ends the
test when the test timeout is
reached. If you didn't set S18, type
AT&T0 to end the test. Or send
either ATH or the command that resets
the modem, ATZ. The latter two
commands end the test and hang up the
modem. The modem responds OK. If
you issue an invalid command, the
modem sends an ERROR message.
Data errors indicate a problem with
the remote modem or the phone link.
If you have not performed analog
loopback testing with your modem, the
problem may also lie with your modem.
5. Reset DIP switch 9 UP unless you
normally set that switch DOWN, and
issue ATZ to the modem to initiate
the new setting. Reset the modem to
&M4 unless you used the reset
command, ATZ.
&T7
This test option causes the modem to
send an internal test pattern through
the Remote Digital Loopback. An
internal error detector counts any
errors and, when the test is ended,
sends the number of errors or 000 (no
errors) to the screen.
You don't need to type anything during
this test. The modem sends only its
final error count to your screen.
1. Set the software to 2400 bps or
lower. Set the modem to &M0. If you
wish, set the S18 timer.
Establish a connection with the
remote modem. If you haven't already
done so, arrange with the remote user
to cooperate with your testing and,
if necessary, set the remote modem to
acknowledge the RDL request. For
example, older USRobotics high speed
modems need to be set to S16=8.
2. Bring the modem back to Command mode
with the +++ escape code. Then send
it the AT&T7 command. The modem
enters RDL mode and the MR status
light flashes.
The modem sends its internal test
pattern to the remote modem, which
loops it back to your modem. You
will not see the data on your screen.
3. End the test. If you set S18, the
modem automatically stops the test
when the timer times out. If you
didn't set Register S18, type AT&T0
to end the test. Or send either ATH
or the command that resets the modem,
ATZ. The latter two commands end the
test and hang up the modem. The
modem responds OK. If you issue an
invalid command, the modem sends an
ERROR message.
When you terminate the test, the
modem returns a three-digit code,
followed by OK. A code of 000
indicates no errors were found. A
code of 255 indicates 255 or more
errors.
If you've performed an Analog
Loopback and know your modem is
working properly, errors indicate a
problem with either the phone
connection or the remote modem.
4. Reset DIP switch 9 UP unless you
normally operate with it DOWN. Issue
an ATZ command to initiate the new
switch setting. Reset the modem to
&M4 unless you've sent it the ATZ
reset command.
TESTING WITH REGISTER S16
Register S16 is a bit mapped register
with the following bit functions:
Bit Value Function
0 1 Analog Loopback (AL)
1 2 Dial Test
2 4 Test Pattern
3 8 Remote Digital Loopback (RDL)
NOTE: Earlier USRobotics modems require
bit 3 to be enabled in order to grant
RDL to a remote modem. The modem now
requires its default &T4 setting
instead. To perform RDL with a
USRobotics modem that does not use the
&T test repertoire, that modem should be
set to S16=8 before it can grant RDL
testing.
ANALOG LOOPBACK (AL)êS16=1D
As with the &T AL test, do not attempt
this test under error control. HST and
Dual Standard modems should be tested at
2400 bps or lower, to avoid asymmetrical
modulation at higher speeds.
To use the modem's Test Pattern (S16,
bit 2) instead of typing your own data,
see Test PatternêS16=4 later in this
appendix.
1. To initiate testing, type
AT&M0S16=1D. The modem disables
error control, enters AL mode and
sends a CONNECT result code. The MR
status light flashes.
2. Type data to the modem for the modem
to transmit, loop to its receiver,
and output to the screen. An
alternative is to use the Test
Pattern, described later.
3. End the test by not typing anything
for one second, then typing three
pluses (+++), and waiting another
second. This forces the modem back
to command mode. If DIP switch 9 is
UP, the modem exits AL mode and
returns to Command mode. If DIP
switch 9 is DOWN, the modem maintains
the connection when it receives the
+++ escape code. Issue the ATH
command to end AL mode.
4. Reset the modem to Data mode, S16=0,
and error control (&M4), or issue the
ATZ (reset) command.
DIAL TESTêS16=2
The Dial Test is used for factory
testing the frequencies of Touch-Tone
values. When S-Register 16 is set to 2
and a single Touch-Tone is dialed (e.g.,
ATD7 <Enter>), the modem continues to
transmit that tone until you type
another Carriage Return.
TEST PATTERNêS16=4
The test pattern can be used instead of
your typed data during Analog Loopback
(AL) or Remote Digital Loopback (RDL),
using &T commands or S16. The test
pattern is available at all speeds. At
300 bps, the modem's DTE rate must be
fixed (&B1) and the link rate fixed at
300 bps (&N1). At rates over 9600 bps,
just set the modem for a fixed DTE rate
(&B1).
To use the test pattern during AL
testing with S16, type the following
command. The test pattern is sent
through the loopback.
AT&M0S16=5D
To use the test pattern during RDL
testing with S16, type the following
command.
AT&M0S16=12
To use the test pattern with the &T AL
or RDL tests, insert the test pattern
command, S16=4, before issuing the test
command. The first of the following
commands initiates AL, the second RDL:
ATS16=4&T1
ATS16=4&T6
The test pattern alone (ATS16=4) is used
for testing equipment and the phone
line. When S16 is set to 4, the modem
transmits the test pattern upon connec-
tion with a remote modem.
Ending Testing with the Test Pattern
Pressing any character key cancels all
test pattern tests and hangs up the
modem. If you used Register S16, be
sure to reset Register S16 to Data mode
when you reset the modem to its error
control defaults, for example, ATZ or
AT&M4S16=0.
REMOTE DIGITAL LOOPBACKêS16=8
Responding Modem
The responding modem must be ready to
act on the Courier's RDL request.
USRobotics high speed modems should be
set to &T4. If they do not have &T
testing capability, they should be set
to S16=8.
Initiating Modem
1. If DIP switch 9 is UP, set it DOWN so
that it does not hang up on receipt
of the +++ escape code. Issue an ATZ
command to initiate the new switch
setting.
2. Set the software to 2400 or 1200 bps.
The CCITT-specified RDL signals are
defined only for connections at 2400
or 1200 bps.
3. Disable error control by setting the
modem to &M0. Then establish a
connection with the remote modem.
4. Bring the modem back to Command mode
by sending it the escape code: one
second of no data, three pluses
(+++), and another second of no data.
5. When the OK result code appears, send
the modem the following command.
ATS16=8 O
The modem enters RDL mode (S16=8),
the MR status light flashes, and the
modem goes back online (O command).
Then it transmits the CCITT-defined
RDL signals, causing the remote modem
to enter RDL mode.
6. Type any data at the keyboard. (Or
send the test pattern.)
7. To end the test, send the modem the
+++ escape code again to bring it
back to Command mode.
8. When the modem sends the OK result,
reset the modem to Data mode with the
following command.
ATS16=0
The modem signals the responding
modem that RDL testing is over.
Terminate the call as you normally
would, and reset the modem to its
normal error control setting, &M4 or
&M5.
Or, if you wish to resume data
transmission with the remote modem,
add the O command to the ATS16=0
string to return the modem online.
Keep in mind, however, that error
control is disabled. Because error
control is negotiated during the con-
nection sequence, its status cannot
be changed until the modem is back on
hook and in Command mode.